Spanish Arabic loanwords in late Middle and early Modern English

Phonological adaptation of Spanish loanwords in Northern Moroccan Arabic

English loanwords in Japanese

As a result of the economic, political and cultural influence of Britain and the US, and the emergence of English as an international language, many world languages have absorbed loanwords from English, especially during the twentieth century. Japanese contains thousands of such borrowings, many of which are well-established and in universal use. A domestic phonetic script is available to both ...

Vowel reduction in word-final position by early and late Spanish-English bilinguals

Vowel reduction is a prominent feature of American English, as well as other stress-timed languages. As a phonological process, vowel reduction neutralizes multiple vowel quality contrasts in unstressed syllables. For bilinguals whose native language is not characterized by large spectral and durational differences between tonic and atonic vowels, systematically reducing unstressed vowels to th...

Tag Questions in Early and Late Modern English: Historical Description and Theoretical Implications

Tag questions are a conspicuous feature of spoken Present-day English. In contrast to many other languages, where tags are generally realized by invariant forms (e.g. nicht wahr? in German, oder? in Swiss German, or n’est-ce pas? in French), the canonical English question tag is a reduced interrogative clause whose structure and lexical content is conditioned by the format of the anchor – or ho...

Tonal adaptation of English loanwords in Cantonese

This study examines the tonal adaptation of English loanwords in Cantonese spoken in Hong Kong. We adopted the analyses of previous research (Kiu, 1977; Silverman, 1992) and incorporated seeming exceptions. The major rules are: 1) The stressed syllable in English usually bears the high tone in Cantonese, and it includes both primary and secondary stress. 2) If the English word is (historically)...